java.lang java.io and java.nio java.util java.math java.sql java.time java.text java.lang.annotation java.util.logging java.util.regex

java.sql package

Introduction to java.sql package

JDBC Basics

Connection and DataSource(Demonstration with mysql database)

Statement and PreparedStatement(Demonstration with mysql database)

ResultSet(Demonstration with mysql database)

Batch Processing(Demonstration with mysql database)

Transactions(Demonstration with mysql database)

CallableStatement(Demonstration with mysql database)

Metadata(Demonstration with mysql database)

RowSet(Demonstration with mysql database)

Savepoint(Demonstration with mysql database)

Handling SQL Exceptions

Connecting JDBC Application with Different Databases

Oracle Database

MySQL Database

PostgresSQL Database

SQLite Database

SQLServer Database

H2 Database

MongoDB Database

Setting up a JDBC Environment

By / 18 August 2026 / 3 minutes of reading

Step 1: Install Java JDK

Install the Java Development Kit (JDK) on your system.

Verify the installation using:

java -version
 
javac -version

The Java compiler and runtime are required to develop and execute JDBC programs.

Step 2: Install a Database

Install a relational database such as:

  • MySQL
  • Oracle Database
  • PostgreSQL
  • SQL Server

For beginners, MySQL is commonly used for JDBC practice.

Step 3: Create a Database

Create a database that the Java application will access.

Example:

CREATE DATABASE jdbc_demo;

Select the database:

 
USE jdbc_demo;
 

Step 4: Create a Table

Create a table for storing application data.

CREATE TABLE employee(
 
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50)
);
 
 

Step 5: Add the JDBC Driver

i. Download and add the JDBC driver corresponding to your database.

  • Go to the official download page: dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j

  • In the Select Operating System dropdown, choose Platform Independent.

  • Download the ZIP Archive (mysql-connector-j-8.x.x.zip).

  • Extract the .zip file. Inside the extracted folder, find the file named mysql-connector-j-8.x.x.jar (or mysql-connector-java-8.x.x.jar).

ii. When using set CLASSPATH, you must include both the exact JAR filename and the current directory (.) so Java can find both the driver and your .class files.

    Assuming:

  • Your JAR file is: D:\programs\mysql-connector-j-8.3.0.jar

  • Your Java file is: D:\programs\MyApp.java

Open Command Prompt and run:

D:

cd D:\programs

set classpath to current folder (.) and the exact JAR name like below

set classpath=D:\programs\mysql–connector–j-8.3.0.jar;

iii. Compile and Run Your Program

javac MyApp.java

java MyApp

Step 6: Import JDBC Classes

Import the required classes from the java.sql package.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
 

For more database operations, you may also import:

import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
 

Step 7: Define the Database URL

Specify the location of the database using a JDBC URL.

For MySQL:

String url = “jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc_demo”;

The URL contains:

Part Meaning
jdbc Indicates that JDBC is being used
mysql Specifies the database type
localhost Database server running on the local machine
3306 Default MySQL port
jdbc_demo Database name

Step 8: Provide Database Credentials

Specify the username and password used to access the database.

String username = “root”;
String password = “your_password”;
 

Step 9: Establish the Database Connection

Use DriverManager.getConnection() to establish a connection.

Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
 

If the connection is successful, the Java application can communicate with the database.

Step 10: Create a SQL Statement

Create a Statement or PreparedStatement to execute SQL commands.

Example:

Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
 

Step 11: Execute the SQL Query

Execute a SQL query using the statement.

ResultSet resultSet =
statement.executeQuery(“SELECT * FROM student”);
 

The ResultSet contains the records returned by the database.

Step 12: Process the Result

Read the records from the ResultSet.

while (resultSet.next()) {
System.out.println(resultSet.getInt(“id”));
System.out.println(resultSet.getString(“name”));
System.out.println(resultSet.getInt(“marks”));
}
 

Step 13: Close JDBC Resources

After completing the database operation, close the resources.

resultSet.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
 

In modern Java, try-with-resources is preferred because it automatically closes JDBC resources.

JDBC Environment Setup Flow

 
Install JDK
↓
Install Database
↓
Create Database
↓
Create Tables
↓
Add JDBC Driver
↓
Import java.sql Classes
↓
Configure JDBC URL
↓
Provide Username & Password
↓
Establish Connection
↓
Create Statement / PreparedStatement
↓
Execute SQL Query
↓
Process ResultSet
↓
Close Resources
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