Externalizable is an interface in Java (part of java.io) that gives the programmer complete control over the serialization process. Unlike Serializable, where Java handles serialization automatically, Externalizable requires the class to explicitly implement how the object’s state is written and read. Interface Definition Simple Program: Custom Serialization Using Externalizable LotusJavaPrince wants to store Mahesh’s login …
The Serializable interface in Java is a marker interface (i.e., it has no methods) that allows an object to be converted into a byte stream, which can then be saved to a file or sent over a network. It enables object persistence and object transfer. To make a class serializable, it must: Implement java.io.Serializable. Ensure all …
A comprehensive comparison between Character Streams and Byte Streams. Java provides both byte and character streams so developers can pick the right tool for the job — ensuring correct data handling and optimized performance.
OutputStreamWriter is a bridge from character streams to byte streams. It encodes character data into bytes using a specified charset and writes them to an underlying byte stream (like FileOutputStream,Socket.getOutputStream()). It is typically used when you need to write character data to a destination that only supports byte streams. Commonly Used Constructors and Methods Simple …
InputStreamReader is a bridge from byte streams to character streams. It reads bytes from an underlying InputStream and decodes them into characters using a specified charset (encoding). This is essential for reading text data from byte-based input sources like files, network connections, or system input (keyboard). Commonly Used Constructors and Methods Simple Program: Reading Console …
BufferedWriter is a wrapper class around another Writer class (like FileWriter) that buffers output characters to provide efficient writing of characters, arrays, and strings. It reduces the number of physical write operations by buffering data internally, improving performance, especially when writing large text files or multiple small writes. Commonly Used Constructors and Methods Simple Program: …
BufferedReader is a wrapper class around another Reader class (like FileReader or InputStreamReader) that buffers input to provide efficient reading of characters, arrays, and lines. It improves performance by minimizing the number of I/O operations, especially useful for reading text files line by line. Commonly Used Constructors and Methods Simple Program: Read File Line-by-Line Using …
Reader is an abstract class in Java used for reading character streams. It is the base class for all classes that read character data, such as BufferedReader, FileReader, StringReader, etc.It plays the character-based equivalent of the InputStream, which deals with byte-based streams. Commonly Used Methods Simple Program – Read from a File Using FileReader Read …
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PrintStream is a subclass of FilterOutputStream that adds functionality for printing various data values in human-readable text format. It’s commonly used for printing output to the console, files, or any other output stream. Automatically converts primitives and objects to string representation. Methods like print(), println(), and printf() are provided. You can control whether to auto-flush …
